Thanks to Karen Hardee of Population Action International (PAI), who presented today on the "Getting Our Voices Heard: Shaping Public Policy" panel, I now know that the ABCs (Abstinence, Be Faithful, use Condoms) of HIV prevention were not originally a half-brained concoction of the Bush administration. However, her presentation also prompted thoughts about the limitations of public health approaches.
As it turns out, the ABCs can be traced to a few different sources, including a mid-80s STD prevention program from Ohio, a Tanzanian HIV-prevention campaign from the early 90s, and basic public health and epidemiologic building blocks. At the root of the ABCs are three simple ideas:
- Avoid exposure
- Reduce exposure
- Block exposure
And the Tanzanian campaign, run by a Catholic priest, interpreted these messages into the "AIDS is a flood" campaign. Each HIV-prevention method was represented by a lifeboat with one boat for abstinence, one boat for monogamy with an uninfected partner, and one boat for consistent condom use. The campaign was also clear that each individual was free to choose what lifeboat was right for them and could switch boats at any point as their life circumstances changed.
This is, of course, much different from the way that the Presidents Emergency Plan for HIV/AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) interprets the ABC model. Under the Bush administration, abstinence became abstinence-until-marriage, monogamy with an uninfected partner became faithfulness within marriage, and consistent condom use was restricted to "high risk" populations. They decide who gets what message and hopping boats is not encouraged unless you're going to A or B.
Ms. Hardee ended her presentation by encouraging her audience to advocate for a restoration of the ABC model to its public health roots, despite the criticism it has taken over the past five years.
I think this is an important argument, and I'm certainly happy to know the background on how the ABCs were corrupted, but I hope this is also a conversation we continue to take one step farther. A, B, and C all work well in theory, but they require making choices which many folks don't have available to them. Because of larger structural problems in many places (including the US!) like gender-based violence, sexism, homophobia, mass incarceration, and poverty, the idea of choice can be a bit of misnomer.
So as we think about getting our voices heard and shaping public policy, I hope we can - as Vanessa Brocato posted earlier - also begin pushing for structural change and long term HIV-prevention solutions.
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